As proverb says ‘practice makes perfect’. Therefore, students must
practice to speak English as often as possible so that they are able to
speak English fluently and accurately. A part of that, to speak English,
we have to know some important component. The component is what aspect
influencing how well people speak English. Here is the component of
speaking skill according to syakur.According to Syakur (1987: 5),
speaking is a complex skill because at least it is concerned with
components of grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and fluency.
1) Grammar
It is needed for students to arrange a correct sentence in conversation.
It is in line with explanation suggested by Heaton (1978: 5) that
student’s ability to manipulate structure and to distinguish appropriate
grammatical form in appropriate one. The utility of grammar is also to
learn the correct way to gain expertise in a language in oral and
written form.
2) Vocabulary
Vocabulary means the appropriate diction which is used in communication.
Without having a sufficient vocabulary, one cannot communicate
effectively or express their ideas in both oral and written form. Having
limited vocabulary is also a barrier that precludes learners from
learning a language. Language teachers, therefore should process
considerable knowledge on how to manage an interesting classroom so that
the learners can gain a great success in their vocabulary learning.
Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing
can be conveyed.
3) Pronunciation
Pronunciation is the way for students’ to produce clearer language when
they speak. It deals with the phonological process that refers to the
components of a grammar made up of the elements and principles that
determine how sounds vary and pattern in a language. There are two
features of pronunciation; phonemes and supra segmental features. A
speaker who constantly mispronounces a range of phonemes can be
extremely difficult for a speaker from another language community to
understand (Gerard, 2000:11).
4) Fluency
Fluency can be defined as the ability to speak fluently and accurately.
Fluency in speaking is the aim of many language learners. Signs of
fluency include a reasonably fast speed of speaking and only a small
number of pauses and “ums” or “ers”. These signs indicate that the
speaker does not have to spend a lot of time searching for the language
items needed to express the message (Brown. 1997: 4).
